Prevalence of Hypertension, Prehypertension, and High-normal Blood Pressure in Peru: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Introduction: Hypertension (HTN) is a major cardiovascular risk factor, with increasing concern over preceding conditions, such as prehypertension and high-normal blood pressure (HNBP). In Peru, the data on these conditions is heterogeneous and requires updating. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HTN, prehypertension, and HNBP in Peru through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in scientific databases and government sources from 2000 to 2024. Studies with probabilistic sampling in the Peruvian population were included. Methodological quality was assessed, and a random-effects meta-analysis with subgroup analyses was performed. Results: A total of 16 studies were included. The pooled prevalence of HTN was 21.07% (95% CI: 18.04%-24.27%), prehypertension was 29.14% (95% CI: 24.98%-33.49%), and HNBP was 13.25% (95% CI: 4.78%-25.08%). Differences were observed by sex, publication period, and geographic scope. Heterogeneity among studies was significant (I² > 97% for all outcomes). Conclusion: The combined burden of these conditions affects over 60% of the adult Peruvian population, posing a significant public health challenge. The high prevalence of Prehypertension and HNBP highlights the importance of primary prevention strategies. The observed variations suggest the need for tailored interventions for specific subgroups. This study provides an updated foundation for health policy planning and future research in Peru.