Design Optimization of Femoral Hip Implants with Circular Perforations: Structural and Fatigue Evaluation Using Finite Element Analysis

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is an effective solution for osteoarthritis, but the challenge of designing lightweight implants without compromising their strength remains. This study evaluates the influence of circular perforations in the design of femoral stems using finite element simulations in ANSYS Workbench. Eight geometric configurations were modeled based on a standard stem, incorporating circular perforations of varying diameters in five strategic locations. The analysis considered two materials widely used in orthopedics (Ti-6Al-4V and CoCr alloy) and applied physiological loading conditions according to ASTM F2996-20 and ISO 7206-4 standards. Boundary conditions included distal constraint and an axial load of 2300 N on the femoral head. Total deformation, equivalent stresses, static safety factors, and fatigue resistance according to the Soderberg theory were evaluated. The results showed that, although the V2 and V4 configurations were the most suitable, the titanium V2 design emerged as the best alternative, achieving the greatest mass reduction (19.7%) while maintaining acceptable safety margins. This paper offers a viable and low-cost solution for the design of more sustainable prostheses aligned with the sustainable development goals (SDG 3).