Desenlaces neonatales adversos en gestantes con preeclampsia severa y sus factores asociados

Objetive: To analyze the adverse neonatal outcomes that most frequently affect newborns of pregnant women diagnosed with severe preeclampsia and determine their associated factors. Materials and m e t h o d s: Following a cohort design, w e retrospectively analyzed all cases of severe preeclampsia diagnosed in the National Maternal and Perinatal Institute during the 2016-2017 period. Results: A total of 942 cases of severe preeclampsia (28.5 ± 7.6 years of age) were analyzed. 100% of the pregnant women gave birth to a live product with 36.2 ± 3.2 weeks of gestation (range: 24-41). The most frequent adverse neonatal outcomes were preterm birth (incidence [I] = 48.7%, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 45.4% to 51.9%), short stature for gestational age (I = 33.7%, 95% CI: 30.6% to 36.7%), small for gestational age (I = 25.6%, 95% CI: 22.9% to 28.5%) and Apgar 1-5 'low at birth (I = 12.1%, 95% CI: 10.0% to 14.2%). Pregnant adolescents had a lower risk of preterm delivery (IRR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.85) and a low Apgar score of 1-5% at birth (IRR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.21 to 0.72) than adults. Conclusion: The incidence of adverse neonatal outcomes in pregnant women diagnosed with severe preeclampsia is high, being the most frequent prematurity, short stature for gestational age, small for gestational age and APGAR 1-5 'low at birth. Additionally, we found that the risk of premature delivery and low Apgar at birth was lower in adolescent pregnant than in adult pregnant women.