Ceftaroline for severe community-acquired pneumonia: A real-world two-centre experience in Italy and Spain

Background: Ceftaroline is one of latest additions to the armamentarium for treating community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). This study aimed to describe the outcome of severe CAP (SCAP) in a cohort of hospitalised patients treated with ceftaroline. Methods: A retrospective, observational study of patients with SCAP treated with ceftaroline in two hospitals in Spain and Italy. The primary objective was to explore 30-day mortality after diagnosis of SCAP. Results: During the study period the following were observed: there were 89 cases of SCAP treated with ceftaroline and 53 cases used in combination with other antibiotics (60%). Overall, 30-day mortality and clinical failure were 20% (18 of 89) and 36% (32 of 89), respectively. Independent predictors of 30-day mortality were: increasing age (OR for 1 year increase 1.0, 95% CI 1.0–1.1, P 0.043), presence of solid neoplasm (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.0–15.1, P 0.044) and concomitant therapy with oseltamivir (OR 8.5, 95% CI 1.2°57.3, P 0.029). The only independent predictor of clinical failure was the time elapsing from SCAP diagnosis to ceftaroline therapy (OR for each passing day 1.5, 95% CI 1.1–1.9, P 0.003). The clinical success rate was 64% (57 of 89). In the subgroups of patients with proven Streptococcus pneumoniae, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infection, clinical success was 83% (10 of 12), 75% (three of four) and 56% (five of nine), respectively. Conclusions: Considering its spectrum of activity, ceftaroline could represent an important therapeutic option for SCAP. Further studies are needed to identify the precise clinical success rate against MRSA in a larger cohort of patients with SCAP.