Beyond ultrasonic detection: Development and evaluation of an intelligent visor system for visually impaired users in Lima, Peru

Visual impairment poses significant challenges to
personal autonomy and mobility, particularly in dense urban
environments. This research contributes to the development of
intelligent health-related assistive systems, particularly those
aimed at enhancing urban navigation and autonomy for users with
visual impairment, thus addressing global challenges in inclusive
healthcare technology in Lima, Peru. Building upon a basic
ultrasonic prototype, the upgraded system integrates an ESP32
microcontroller, dual ultrasonic US-015 sensors, and an FC-51
infrared sensor, enhancing both short and mid-range obstacle
detection. Two vibration motors provide intuitive haptic feedback,
while a multifunctional buzzer communicates obstacle proximity,
battery status, mode selection, and connectivity in real time. The
device includes Near Mode (30 cm) for confined spaces and Far
Mode (100 cm) for open areas, increasing user adaptability.
Additionally, the visor incorporates a GPS Neo 6M module and an
emergency alert button, enabling users to transmit their location
in critical situations. By transitioning from a simple detection
prototype to a multifunctional intelligent system, this research
demonstrates a robust, low-cost, and context-sensitive assistive
solution that enhances mobility, safety, and independence for the
visually impaired.