Vernacular Architecture of San Jerónimo de Tunán: Colonial Heritage and Conservation Challenges in the Peruvian Andes

This study addresses the architectural typology and the state of conservation of vernacular architecture in the monumental area of the district of San Jerónimo de Tunan, located in the Peruvian Andes, highlighting its importance as a historical and cultural legacy of the colonial era in the Mantaro Valley. Through this analysis, we seek to make visible the current situation of these heritage buildings, promoting the formulation of restoration and conservation strategies to preserve their architectural and educational value as references of traditional constructive knowledge. In response to the negative effects of modernization and the industrialization of construction processes that have progressively displaced vernacular practices, the research adopts a mixed approach methodology. Non-participant observation sheets were used, designed to record qualitative and quantitative data on vernacular dwellings located in the area delimited by the Urban Development Plan (PDM 2020-2029). This methodological tool made it possible to identify structural, functional, and symbolic elements of the local context, providing useful information both for the technical diagnosis and for training and heritage awareness purposes. The results reveal that most of the buildings present a "Good" state of conservation, which constitutes a favorable opportunity to implement preventive and sustainable conservation actions. However, components with signs of deterioration requiring specialized intervention were also identified. As a complement, a pilot model was developed using the HBIM methodology in the Jr. Huallaga section, integrating digital tools oriented to the documentation, management, and projection of heritage interventions. It is concluded that the use of HBIM is not only effective in technical terms, but also represents a valuable didactic resource for the training of professionals in the fields of architecture, conservation and heritage education.