Ventilación e intubación respiratoria como factores de riesgo para neumonía en un hospital del tercer nivel

Introduction: Healthcare-associated pneumonia worsens the clinical prognosis of patients and exerts economic pressure on health systems. Objective: Determine the risk for healthcare-associated pneumonia among patients exposed to ventilation / intubation and other intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted of the patients admitted to Adolfo Guevara Velazco National Hospital in Cusco in the year 2017. A sample was chosen which was composed of two groups: with and without a pneumonia diagnosis. The estimated sample size was 67 (15 in the pneumonia group and 52 in the non-pneumonia group). Inferential analysis was performed along two stages, using hypothesis contrast tests followed by logistic regression. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors were collected for each patient. Results: Most patients were female (53.7%). Mean age was 70.6 years. The intensive care unit service had the highest proportion of cases (42.9%). A significant association was found with the use of ventilation / intubation, as well as with extrinsic factors such as tracheostomy, secretions aspiration, enteral nutrition and blood transfusion. None of the intrinsic factors had a significant association in the bivariate analysis. In the logistic regression analysis, patients subjected to ventilation / intubation had 5.27 times the risk of contracting pneumonia, whereas patients subjected to blood transfusion had 12.75 times the risk. Conclusions: Patients exposed to ventilation / intubation were at greater risk of developing healthcare-associated pneumonia. Blood transfusion was another associated factor.