@article{db48d5d2ad384be8a8f11f13bd71bd38,
title = "Search for Ultra-high-energy Photons from Gravitational Wave Sources with the Pierre Auger Observatory",
abstract = "A search for time-directional coincidences of ultra-high-energy (UHE) photons above 10 EeV with gravitational wave (GW) events from the LIGO/Virgo runs O1 to O3 is conducted with the Pierre Auger Observatory. Due to the distinctive properties of photon interactions and to the background expected from hadronic showers, a subset of the most interesting GW events is selected based on their localization quality and distance. Time periods of 1000 s around and 1 day after the GW events are analyzed. No coincidences are observed. Upper limits on the UHE photon fluence from a GW event are derived that are typically at ∼7 MeV cm−2 (time period 1000 s) and ∼35 MeV cm−2 (time period 1 day). Due to the proximity of the binary neutron star merger GW170817, the energy of the source transferred into UHE photons above 40 EeV is constrained to be less than 20% of its total GW energy. These are the first limits on UHE photons from GW sources.",
author = "{the Pierre Auger Collaboration} and {Abdul Halim}, A. and P. Abreu and M. Aglietta and I. Allekotte and {Almeida Cheminant}, K. and A. Almela and J. Alvarez-Mu{\~n}iz and {Ammerman Yebra}, J. and Anastasi, {G. A.} and L. Anchordoqui and B. Andrada and S. Andringa and C. Aramo and {Ara{\'u}jo Ferreira}, {P. R.} and E. Arnone and {Arteaga Vel{\'a}zquez}, {J. C.} and H. Asorey and P. Assis and G. Avila and E. Avocone and Badescu, {A. M.} and A. Bakalova and A. Balaceanu and F. Barbato and Bellido, {J. A.} and C. Berat and Bertaina, {M. E.} and G. Bhatta and Biermann, {P. L.} and V. Binet and K. Bismark and T. Bister and J. Biteau and J. Blazek and C. Bleve and J. Bl{\"u}mer and M. Boh{\'a}{\v c}ov{\'a} and D. Boncioli and C. Bonifazi and {Bonneau Arbeletche}, L. and N. Borodai and J. Brack and T. Bretz and {Brichetto Orchera}, {P. G.} and Briechle, {F. L.} and P. Buchholz and A. Bueno and S. Buitink and M. Buscemi and C. Ventura",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.",
year = "2023",
month = jul,
day = "1",
doi = "10.3847/1538-4357/acc862",
language = "American English",
volume = "952",
journal = "Astrophysical Journal",
issn = "0004-637X",
publisher = "American Astronomical Society",
number = "1",
}