Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in University Students in Paraguay during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Telmo Raul Aveiro-Róbalo; Luciana Daniela Garlisi-Torales; Marisella Chumán-Sánchez; César J. Pereira-Victorio; Mariana Huaman-Garcia; Virgilio E. Failoc-Rojas; Mario J. Valladares-Garrido

doi:10.3390/ijerph191912930

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in University Students in Paraguay during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Telmo Raul Aveiro-Róbalo, Luciana Daniela Garlisi-Torales, Marisella Chumán-Sánchez, César J. Pereira-Victorio, Mariana Huaman-Garcia, Virgilio E. Failoc-Rojas, Mario J. Valladares-Garrido

Faculty of health sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Original Article › peer-review

1 Scopus citations

Abstract

We aimed to determine the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress in university students in Paraguay during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 293 students from four universities in Paraguay in 2021. The DASS-21 mental health scale was used to measure the outcomes (depression, anxiety, and stress) and evaluate their association with socio-educational variables. A total of 77.1% of the participants were women and 136 (46.4%) were between 21 and 25 years old. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was 74.7%, 87.4%, and 57%, respectively. We found that being a woman and studying at a public university was positively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. Receiving COVID-19 training increases the prevalence of mental health problems. In conclusion, high levels of anxiety, depression, and stress were found in university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Being a woman, studying at a public university, and receiving training on COVID-19 were factors associated with a higher prevalence of presenting all the mental health problems evaluated. Furthermore, students aged 31 and over had a higher prevalence of depression and stress.

Original language	American English
Article number	12930
Journal	International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Volume	19
Issue number	19
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912930
State	Indexed - Oct 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
M.J.V.-G. was supported by the Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Mental Health (NIMH) under Award Number D43TW009343 and the University of California Global Health Institute. We are thankful for our respondents for their time and participation in the survey.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors.

Keywords

COVID-19
Paraguay
anxiety
depression
stress

Access to Document

10.3390/ijerph191912930

Cite this

Aveiro-Róbalo, T. R., Garlisi-Torales, L. D., Chumán-Sánchez, M., Pereira-Victorio, C. J., Huaman-Garcia, M., Failoc-Rojas, V. E., & Valladares-Garrido, M. J. (2022). Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in University Students in Paraguay during the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19), [12930]. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912930

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title = "Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in University Students in Paraguay during the COVID-19 Pandemic",

abstract = "We aimed to determine the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress in university students in Paraguay during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 293 students from four universities in Paraguay in 2021. The DASS-21 mental health scale was used to measure the outcomes (depression, anxiety, and stress) and evaluate their association with socio-educational variables. A total of 77.1% of the participants were women and 136 (46.4%) were between 21 and 25 years old. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was 74.7%, 87.4%, and 57%, respectively. We found that being a woman and studying at a public university was positively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. Receiving COVID-19 training increases the prevalence of mental health problems. In conclusion, high levels of anxiety, depression, and stress were found in university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Being a woman, studying at a public university, and receiving training on COVID-19 were factors associated with a higher prevalence of presenting all the mental health problems evaluated. Furthermore, students aged 31 and over had a higher prevalence of depression and stress.",

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author = "Aveiro-R{\'o}balo, {Telmo Raul} and Garlisi-Torales, {Luciana Daniela} and Marisella Chum{\'a}n-S{\'a}nchez and Pereira-Victorio, {C{\'e}sar J.} and Mariana Huaman-Garcia and Failoc-Rojas, {Virgilio E.} and Valladares-Garrido, {Mario J.}",

note = "Funding Information: M.J.V.-G. was supported by the Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Mental Health (NIMH) under Award Number D43TW009343 and the University of California Global Health Institute. We are thankful for our respondents for their time and participation in the survey. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 by the authors.",

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month = oct,

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Aveiro-Róbalo, TR, Garlisi-Torales, LD, Chumán-Sánchez, M, Pereira-Victorio, CJ, Huaman-Garcia, M, Failoc-Rojas, VE & Valladares-Garrido, MJ 2022, 'Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in University Students in Paraguay during the COVID-19 Pandemic', International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 19, no. 19, 12930. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912930

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in University Students in Paraguay during the COVID-19 Pandemic. / Aveiro-Róbalo, Telmo Raul; Garlisi-Torales, Luciana Daniela; Chumán-Sánchez, Marisella et al.
In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 19, No. 19, 12930, 10.2022.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Original Article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in University Students in Paraguay during the COVID-19 Pandemic

AU - Aveiro-Róbalo, Telmo Raul

AU - Garlisi-Torales, Luciana Daniela

AU - Chumán-Sánchez, Marisella

AU - Pereira-Victorio, César J.

AU - Huaman-Garcia, Mariana

AU - Failoc-Rojas, Virgilio E.

AU - Valladares-Garrido, Mario J.

N1 - Funding Information: M.J.V.-G. was supported by the Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Mental Health (NIMH) under Award Number D43TW009343 and the University of California Global Health Institute. We are thankful for our respondents for their time and participation in the survey. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors.

PY - 2022/10

Y1 - 2022/10

N2 - We aimed to determine the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress in university students in Paraguay during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 293 students from four universities in Paraguay in 2021. The DASS-21 mental health scale was used to measure the outcomes (depression, anxiety, and stress) and evaluate their association with socio-educational variables. A total of 77.1% of the participants were women and 136 (46.4%) were between 21 and 25 years old. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was 74.7%, 87.4%, and 57%, respectively. We found that being a woman and studying at a public university was positively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. Receiving COVID-19 training increases the prevalence of mental health problems. In conclusion, high levels of anxiety, depression, and stress were found in university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Being a woman, studying at a public university, and receiving training on COVID-19 were factors associated with a higher prevalence of presenting all the mental health problems evaluated. Furthermore, students aged 31 and over had a higher prevalence of depression and stress.

AB - We aimed to determine the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress in university students in Paraguay during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 293 students from four universities in Paraguay in 2021. The DASS-21 mental health scale was used to measure the outcomes (depression, anxiety, and stress) and evaluate their association with socio-educational variables. A total of 77.1% of the participants were women and 136 (46.4%) were between 21 and 25 years old. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was 74.7%, 87.4%, and 57%, respectively. We found that being a woman and studying at a public university was positively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. Receiving COVID-19 training increases the prevalence of mental health problems. In conclusion, high levels of anxiety, depression, and stress were found in university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Being a woman, studying at a public university, and receiving training on COVID-19 were factors associated with a higher prevalence of presenting all the mental health problems evaluated. Furthermore, students aged 31 and over had a higher prevalence of depression and stress.

KW - COVID-19

KW - Paraguay

KW - anxiety

KW - depression

KW - stress

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85140040552&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3390/ijerph191912930

DO - 10.3390/ijerph191912930

M3 - Original Article

C2 - 36232228

AN - SCOPUS:85140040552

SN - 1661-7827

VL - 19

JO - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

JF - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

IS - 19

M1 - 12930

ER -

Aveiro-Róbalo TR, Garlisi-Torales LD, Chumán-Sánchez M, Pereira-Victorio CJ, Huaman-Garcia M, Failoc-Rojas VE et al. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in University Students in Paraguay during the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022 Oct;19(19):12930. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191912930

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in University Students in Paraguay during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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