TY - JOUR
T1 - Investigating multiple ELVES and halos above strong lightning with the fluorescence detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory
AU - Pierre Auger Collaboration
AU - Mussa, Roberto
AU - Abdul Halim, A.
AU - Abreu, P.
AU - Aglietta, M.
AU - Allekotte, I.
AU - Almeida Cheminant, K.
AU - Almela, A.
AU - Aloisio, R.
AU - Alvarez-Muñiz, J.
AU - Ammerman Yebra, J.
AU - Anastasi, G. A.
AU - Anchordoqui, L.
AU - Andrada, B.
AU - Andringa, S.
AU - Aramo, C.
AU - Araújo Ferreira, P. R.
AU - Arnone, E.
AU - Arteaga Velázquez, J. C.
AU - Asorey, H.
AU - Assis, P.
AU - Avila, G.
AU - Avocone, E.
AU - Badescu, A. M.
AU - Bakalova, A.
AU - Balaceanu, A.
AU - Barbato, F.
AU - Bartz Mocellin, A.
AU - Bellido, J. A.
AU - Berat, C.
AU - Bertaina, M. E.
AU - Bhatta, G.
AU - Bianciotto, M.
AU - Biermann, P. L.
AU - Binet, V.
AU - Bismark, K.
AU - Bister, T.
AU - Biteau, J.
AU - Blazek, J.
AU - Bleve, C.
AU - Blümer, J.
AU - Boháčová, M.
AU - Boncioli, D.
AU - Bonifazi, C.
AU - Bonneau Arbeletche, L.
AU - Borodai, N.
AU - Brack, J.
AU - Brichetto Orchera, P. G.
AU - Briechle, F. L.
AU - Bueno, A.
AU - Ventura, C.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.
PY - 2024/9/27
Y1 - 2024/9/27
N2 - ELVES are being studied since 2013 with the twenty-four FD Telescopes of the Pierre Auger Observatory, in the province of Mendoza (Argentina), the world’s largest facility for the study of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. This study exploits a dedicated trigger and extended readout. Since December 2020, this trigger has been extended to the three High Elevation Auger Telescopes (HEAT), which observe the night sky at elevation angles between 30 and 60 degrees, allowing a study of ELVES from closer lightning. The high time resolution of the Auger telescopes allows us to upgrade reconstruction algorithms and to do detailed studies on multiple ELVES. The origin of multiple elves can be studied by analyzing the time difference and the amplitude ratio between flashes and comparing them with the properties of radio signals detected by the ENTLN lightning network since 2018. A fraction of multi-ELVES can also be interpreted as halos following ELVES. Halos are disc-shaped light transients emitted at 70-80 km altitudes, appearing at the center of the ELVES rings, due to the rearrangement of electric charges at the base of the ionosphere after a strong lightning event.
AB - ELVES are being studied since 2013 with the twenty-four FD Telescopes of the Pierre Auger Observatory, in the province of Mendoza (Argentina), the world’s largest facility for the study of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. This study exploits a dedicated trigger and extended readout. Since December 2020, this trigger has been extended to the three High Elevation Auger Telescopes (HEAT), which observe the night sky at elevation angles between 30 and 60 degrees, allowing a study of ELVES from closer lightning. The high time resolution of the Auger telescopes allows us to upgrade reconstruction algorithms and to do detailed studies on multiple ELVES. The origin of multiple elves can be studied by analyzing the time difference and the amplitude ratio between flashes and comparing them with the properties of radio signals detected by the ENTLN lightning network since 2018. A fraction of multi-ELVES can also be interpreted as halos following ELVES. Halos are disc-shaped light transients emitted at 70-80 km altitudes, appearing at the center of the ELVES rings, due to the rearrangement of electric charges at the base of the ionosphere after a strong lightning event.
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85183409574
M3 - Conference article
AN - SCOPUS:85183409574
SN - 1824-8039
VL - 444
JO - Proceedings of Science
JF - Proceedings of Science
M1 - 372
T2 - 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023
Y2 - 26 July 2023 through 3 August 2023
ER -