Elimination of cadmium(Ii) in aqueous solution using bamboo waste (bambusa vulgaris)

In this investigation, physically conditioned bamboo leaves (BL) were evaluated as an adsorbent in the removal of Cd(II) ions present in aqueous solution, determining the effect of pH, adsorbent dose, initial concentration, and temperature on the process. Experimental tests were carried out following a 2 K statistical experimental design. The biomass was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. It was established that BL has a rough, porous surface for use as a heavy metal adsorbent and that the adsorption process occurs by ion exchange. The adsorption kinetics indicated that it was fast for the first 15 min and equilibrium was reached after 25 min, and the pseudo-second-order model best described the process. The adsorp-tion equilibrium was optimally adjusted to Langmuir and Freundlich’s models, determining a maximum removal capacity of 103.09 mg g^–1 . With regards to the thermodynamics, it was shown that the adsorption of Cd(II) on BL is endothermic, favorable, and spontaneous. From the results obtained, bamboo leaves are recommended for the adsorption of cadmium(II) present in the solution.