An Overview on Electrophysiological and Neuroimaging Findings in Dyslexia

Ronald Hernández-Vásquez, Ulises Córdova García, Ana Maritza Boy Barreto, Milagritos Leonor Rodriguez Rojas, Jacqueline Ponce-Meza, Miguel Saavedra-López

Research output: Contribution to journalOriginal Articlepeer-review

1 Scopus citations

Abstract

Objective: Dyslexia is a prevalent neurodevelopmental condition that is characterized by inaccurate and slow word recognition. This article reviews neural correlates of dyslexia from both electrophysiological and neuroimaging studies. Method: In this brief review, we provide electrophysiological and neuroimaging evidence from electroencephalogram (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in dyslexia to understand functional and structural brain changes in this condition. Results: In both electrophysiological and neuroimaging studies, the most frequently reported functional impairments in dyslexia include aberrant activation of the left hemisphere occipito-temporal cortex (OTC), temporo-parietal cortex (TPC), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and cerebellar areas. EEG studies have mostly highlighted the important role of lower frequency bands in dyslexia, especially theta waves. Furthermore, neuroimaging studies have suggested that dyslexia is related to functional and structural impairments in the left hemisphere regions associated with reading and language, including reduced grey matter volume in the left TPC, decreased white matter connectivity between reading networks, and hypo-activation of the left OTC and TPC. In addition, neural evidence from pre-reading children and infants at risk for dyslexia show that there are abnormalities in the dyslexic brain before learning to read begins. Conclusion: Advances in comprehending the neural correlates of dyslexia could bring closer translation from basic to clinical neuroscience and effective rehabilitation for individuals who struggle to read. However, neuroscience still has great potential for clinical translation that requires further research.

Original languageAmerican English
Pages (from-to)503-509
Number of pages7
JournalIranian Journal of Psychiatry
Volume18
Issue number4
DOIs
StateIndexed - 2023

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2023 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Published by Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

Keywords

  • Brain Waves
  • Dyslexia
  • Electroencephalogram (EEG)
  • Neuroimaging
  • Neuropathology

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